Surrogate pain models
In addition to pain bio-markers a variety of surrogate pain models can be applied to mimic symptoms observed in chronic pain patients and act as proxies for clinical drug effects. Hence healthy volunteers can transiently by such models express clinical relevant symptoms (e.g. hyperalgesia, allodynia, spread of pain, spreading sensitisation) and the effect of drugs on such symptoms/mechanisms can be studied quantitatively under standardised conditions.
Surrogate pain models and related symptoms
Such models can mimic a variety of clinical symptoms such as:
- Tissue and modality specific spontaneous pain
- Tissue and modality specific peripheral sensitisation
- Inflammatory induced sensitisation
- Non-inflammatory induced sensitisation
- Tissue specific inflammatory processes
- Central sensitisation
- Inflammatory/non-inflammatory induced
- Tissue and modality specific hyperalgesia
- Inflammatory/non-inflammatory induced
- Tissue and modality specific allodynia
- Tissue and modality specific wind-like pain (temporal summation)
- Tissue and modality specific spatial summation
- Wind-up like pain and aftersensation
- Spreading pain and sensitisation
- Referred pain
- Impaired descending pain control